ABSTRACT
Objective@#To evaluate the prevalence and consistency of screening myopia, non-cycloplegic myopia and cycloplegic myopia in children and adolescents, and to provide references for exploring the factors affecting the consistency of different definition methods.@*Methods@#A total of 3 868 children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years from seven schools were included in a school based cross sectional study in Shandong Province in September 2020. The prevalence of screening myopia, non cycloplegic refraction, and cycloplegic refraction at different ages and all children and adolescents were analyzed. With cycloplegic spherical equivalent ≤-0.50 D as the gold standard for myopia, and Kappa test and area under the ROC curve were used to evaluate the consistency.@*Results@#The prevalence of cycloplegic myopia and screening myopia were 36.7% and 38.3% among children and adolescents. The prevalence of non cycloplegic myopia was 62.4%, which was significantly higher than screening myopia and cycloplegic myopia two methods in primary and junior high schools. Among 3 868 subjects, there were 3 628 (93.8%) subjects with screening myopia and 2 862 (74.0%) subjects with non cycloplegic myopia who were consistent with the gold standard for myopia. The Kappa values of screening myopia and non cycloplegic myopia were 0.87 and 0.51, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.94 (95% CI =0.93-0.95) and 0.79 (95% CI =0.78-0.81). Compared with other groups, children and adolescents aged 8 to 17 years, in junior or high school, urban residence, better presenting distance visual acuity, and astigmatism ≤1.50 D had a higher consistency in the application of screening myopia ( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The consistency between screening myopia and cycloplegic myopia is high, and the consistency between non cycloplegic objective myopia is low.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the mechanism of gastric carcinoma cells apoptosis induced by matrine injection in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Effects of 24, 48, 72, 96 h incubation with different concentrations (0.25-1.5 g/L) of matrine injection on proliferation of SGC-7901 cells were evaluated using 3-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The cellular morphology of SGC-7901 cells was observed by transmission electron microscope (EM). Flow cytometry was used to analyze the apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells by staining with annexin V-FITC/PI. The expression of Fas/FasL was examined by flow cytometry using specific antibody. The activity of caspase-3 was measured by spectrofluorometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Matrine injection could inhibit the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The typical morphological changes of apoptosis were observed after incubation with 1.0 g/L matrine injections for 48 h. The apoptosis rates of 0.5 g/L, 1.0 g/L and 1.5 g/L groups were 39.80%, 58.11% and 79.00% respectively. The apoptotic cells in matrine injection group were mainly early apoptotic cells, and those in 5-FU group were mainly late apoptotic cells and necrotic cells. Spectrofluorometry revealed FI levels of Fas and FasL were equal, which were both correlated with apoptosis rate. The activity of caspase-3 increased with the elevation of matrine concentration, and was correlated with the apoptosis rate.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Matrine injection can induce apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells through the up-regulation of Fas/FasL expression and activation of caspase-3.</p>